#medieval science

[lunegrimm]

Transmutation II The second part to an already exisiting piece also expanding the collection of the albino werewolf pieces. This piece was long in the waiting phase. It was sketched alongside the other piece but always landed on the backburner somehow.

Okay quick update! Since posting this piece I've already got several messages of people asking me if the new piece will be available as well. I've decided to extend the tapestry form until Sun. 17th of November & adding the new piece to the selection!

[talesfromtheenchantedforest]

snake are beasts of the air, that’s a new one to me

“I’ll tell you what I did,” she said, “I had spent a long time raising in my castle one of the beasts they call serpents; he was more useful to me than you can imagine. Yesterday, that beast flew by chance to this mountain and found a lion cub that she carried to this rock. You ran after her with your sword and killed her, though she had done nothing to you. Tell me why you did this. Had I done something to you to warrant this killing? Was the lion yours or in your charge, so that you felt obliged to fight on its behalf? Are the beasts of the air so insignificant that you can kill them without cause?”

— The Quest for the Holy Grail, Chapter 29, E. Jane Burns translation

[cuties-in-codices]

detail of an astronomical tool in the "liber quodlibetarius" (illustrated encyclopedical manuscript), bavaria, ca. 1524.

source: Erlangen, Universitätsbibliothek, MS.B 200, fol. 17 recto

[geopolicraticus]

The Light Ages?

I have finished listening to The Light Ages: The Surprising Story of Medieval Science by Seb Falk. I enjoyed this book and learned much from it, but if I were writing a book about medieval science, the result would be very different. Salk manages to skirt the whole of medieval philosophy while discussing medieval science, which I understand, but I think that treating medieval science in an intellectual vacuum gives a misleading impression of it. The best part of the book was the Epilogue, which made several good points that didn’t really stand out in the bulk of the text. If I had been the editor, I would have taken the Epilogue, broken it up into a table of contents, and sent the author back with instructions to use that for the structure of the book. Instead, the structure of the book is supplied by the life of one John Westwyk (as it is apparently the editorial requirement for science and history books for a popular audience to humanize the subject matter as much as possible). The author did a good job of larding in human interest through the life of John Westwyk, and the latter’s design for a particularly elaborate equitorium, without overdoing it.

The author takes a brave stance on the role of astrology in the period, and its close relationship to astronomy. By “brave stance” I mean that he didn’t try to minimize it. I wouldn’t be able to be so sanguine about astrology if I were writing a history of medieval science. My takeaway from learning that there were regulations for medieval physicians to own an astrological almanac and an astrolabe would be that even promising bodies of knowledge can get lost in the weeds. The argument could be made that the development of any form of quantitative thought directly tied to observation, as well as the existence of precision instrument makers, were conditions for the possibility of the scientific revolution, which did eventually appear within this milieu. Salk, however, does not make this argument, though perhaps one could say that it is implicit throughout.

I understand the interest of medieval scholars to distance themselves from the stereotype of the “Dark Ages,” and their desire to showcase the intellectual achievement of the age, but this shouldn’t come at the cost of misrepresenting the period. Salk’s book moves back and forth in the last few centuries of the Middle Ages, which, for some historians, is already showing signs of modernity to come. Some scholars place the earliest manifestations of modernity in the fourteenth century (for example, Petrarch’s ascent of Mt. Ventoux), when much of this book on the middle ages is taking place (John Westwyk’s approximate dates are 1350-1400, so already verging on the fifteenth century). One could write a book on this late medieval science and, instead of portraying it as an achievement of the Middle Ages, claim it as an early expression of modernity.

The darkest of the dark ages, from the collapse of the Roman Empire in the West to the appearance of Charlemagne—about three hundred years—are not addressed at all in this book. Even after Charlemagne there was no real tradition of surviving or reawakened scientific thought. The period discussed in Charles Homer Haskin’s classic The Renaissance of the Twelfth Century is yet several hundred years in Charlemagne’s future, and this renaissance was primarily literary. Jean Gimpel’s The Medieval Machine would be a good source for the story of medieval technology prior to the time of John Westwyk, and one could make the argument that there is an implicit science behind the technology described by Gimpel, as indeed there is implicit science behind the construction of the great cathedrals in the thirteenth century. Salk could have made this argument, but, again, he didn’t.     

These criticisms, however, aren’t really criticisms of Salk’s book, which I recommend. There is more that can yet be done in recounting the development of science, technology, and engineering during the Middle Ages, and Salk’s book can be understood as a contribution to an area of scholarship in need of more material.

[elizatungusnakur]

The May Queen at this year’s @beltanefiresociety’s Fire Festival has chosen a medieval science and solar theme to align with her interpretation of the goddess Brigid. So as a hinge-point of this year’s festivities, of course I couldn’t wait to join in! 🌞 With some bizarre luck though, I managed to source a small Nepalese-Italian business based in Paisley, Renfrewshire - just a mere 25 minutes away from where I live - that was selling the exact pendants I needed this week. Scroll to see how I turned these beauties into a pair of enchanting earrings. 🌞 Thank you @akuaduulza_art for sending these vibrant faces my way. 🙏🏻

[thoughtportal]

Matthew Gabriele and David M Perry speak to David Musgrove about their book The Bright Ages, which tackles the big themes of the Middle Ages and challenges some widely held views about the history of medieval Europe.

(Ad) Matthew Gabriele and David M Perry are the authors of

The Bright Ages: A New History of Medieval Europe (HarperCollins, 2021). Buy it now from Waterstones:

https://go.skimresources.com?id=71026X1535947&xcust=historyextra-social-Histboty&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.waterstones.com%2Fbook%2Fthe-bright-ages%2Fmatthew-gabriele%2Fdavid-m-perry%2F9780062980892

[confusedcultist]

Nobody talking about how we used to think lemmings just spontaneously appeared?

no caption can possibly make this funnier

[hajjtrips]

Discover the significance of the House of Wisdom in history. During the Islamic Golden Age, it was a renowned center of study.

[upennmanuscripts]

I'd like to introduce you to LJS 57, a compendium of Astronomical text in Hebrew, written in Spain around 1391. It's an interesting combination of astronomy and astrology, and illustrates how the division between "science" and "not science" was not nearly so clear in the past as it is today. It has some fantastic illustrations of constellations!

🔗:

[haematinon]

Illustration created for my upcoming new book, Ergo Cosmos!

"The first of the alchemists was he who set fire to the pyre upon which the Veiled Lady burned. To atone for such a sin, all those who are privy to the Highest Secrets swear to use the hand of will exclusively to restrain evil, and the hand of intuition only to perform good deeds. From this sorrowful figure derives the name of this sacred commitment, which is commonly known as the Oath of Minos."

[iffeelscouldkill]

I really recommend The Middle Ages: A Graphic History, written by Dr Eleanor Janega and illustrated by Neil Max Emmanuel, for many things but particularly the perspective it offers on mediaeval science and the emphasis that yes, people Knew Shit back then; they had lots of inaccurate ideas about how the universe worked but a lot of accurate ones too, and also religion didn't preclude them from being able to conduct scientific inquiry. The Church was a major supporter ("arguably the biggest", in the words of the book) of academic thought in the Middle Ages.

Don't get me wrong, I'm agnostic, my viewpoint on the universe isn't very "religious" and I don't quite vibe with paganism or a defined spiritual belief system, but I still don't think religion and spirituality is regressive and silly

[talesfromtheenchantedforest]

medieval science - buoyancy edition

Then they searched her, but found nothing. Next they went to the squire, and when the maiden saw that they were being so mistreated, she asked the dwarf to do as she had ordered. He immediately took the letter and threw it into the water. But the seneschal saw what the dwarf had done, went to the window, and saw the letter, which was already sinking because of its wooden box — for wood always sinks.

— Lancelot Part VI, Chapter 165, trans. Carlton W. Carrol

Bonus: the iconic translator’s footnote about this paragraph: “though this statement runs counter to the usual generalization, this is clearly what the text says.”

[barksbog]

sorry i know this is extremely unrelated to my usual posts but all my friends lust after knights and i feel like a freak and outsider for not getting it.

[worldhistoryfacts]

The "sea monk" and "sea bishop," exotic creatures that washed up on European shores in the 1500s and 1600s.

In reality, they were probably partially decomposed giant squid -- a creature I wrote all about here:

[lilybug-02]

Artfight against @ejsuperstar ft. The Mad King and Chip. They're both so evil. I hope they have the most extravagant downfall of any onscreen villain.

This interaction is based on a little fic writing >:)

[newhistorybooks]

This volume presents new research in medieval conceptions of magic, science, and the natural world, bringing not only medicine but also meteorology and navigation into the discussion.